|
The
earliest known inhabitants of the region were tribals
called Dasas. Later, Aryans came and they assimilated in
the tribes. In the later centuries, the hill chieftains
accepted suzerainty of the Mauryan empire, the Kaushans,
the Guptas and Kanuaj rulers. During the Mughal period,
the Rajas of the hill states made some mutually agreed
arrangements which governed their relations. In the 19th
century, Ranjit Singh annexed/subjugated many of the
states. When the British came, they defeated Gorkhas and
entered into treaties with some Rajas and annexed the
kingdoms of others. The situation more or less remained
unchanged till 1947. After Independence, 30 princely
states of the area were united and Himachal Pradesh was
formed on 15th April, 1948. With the recognition of Punjab
on 1st November, 1966, certain areas belonging to it were
also included in Himachal Pradesh. On 25th January, 1971,
Himachal Pradesh was made a full-fledged State.
The
State is bordered by Jammu & Kashmir on North, Punjab
on West and South-West, Haryana on South, Uttar Pradesh on
South-East and China on the East.
| General |
|
| |
Location |
|
| |
Latitude |
30o
22' 40" N to 33o 12' 40" N |
| |
Longitude |
75o
45' 55" E to 79o 04' 20" E |
| |
Height (From mean sea Level) |
350
meter to 6975 meter |
| |
Population
[1991-Census] |
5170877
persons |
| |
Urban |
0.45
million persons |
| |
Rural |
4.72
million persons |
| |
Geographical
Area [1991] |
55,673
sq. km |
| |
Density
(per Sq. Km.) [1991] |
93 |
| |
Females
per 1000 Males [1991] |
976 |
| |
Birth
Rate (per 1000) [1996(P)] |
23.0 |
| |
Death
Rate (per 1000) [1996(P)] |
8.0 |
| Administrative
Structure [1998] |
|
| |
State
Capital |
Shimla |
| |
No.
of Districts |
12 |
| |
No.
of tehsils |
71 |
| |
No.
of Sub Divisions |
50 |
| |
No.
of Blocks |
72 |
| |
No.
of Nagar Panchyats |
28 |
| |
No.
of Gram Panchyats [Dec.1997] |
2922 |
| |
No.
of Villages |
19388 |
| |
No.
of Towns |
48 |
| |
No.
of Parliament Constituencies |
|
| |
Lok Sabha |
4 |
| |
Rajya Sabha |
3 |
| |
No.of
Assembly Constituencies |
68 |
|
Development
Indicators
|
|
|
|
Per
Capita Income [1996-97]
|
Rs.
9603
|
|
|
Literacy
[1991]
|
63.88
%
|
|
|
Male
|
75.36%
|
|
|
Female
|
52.13
%
|
|
|
Total
Villages Electrified
|
100
%
|
|
|
Telephone
sets [1997]
|
145505
|
|
|
No.
of Hospitals [1997-98]
|
80
|
|
|
No.
of Schools [1997-98]
|
|
|
|
Primary
|
10484
|
|
|
Middle
|
1056
|
|
|
High/ Higher Secondary
|
1339
|
|
|
Colleges
|
|
|
|
General
|
64
|
|
|
Medical
|
2
|
|
|
Engineering
|
2
|
|
|
Universities
|
3
|
|
|
No.
of S.S.I. Units [1997]
|
772
|
|
Land
Use Pattern
|
|
|
|
Net
Area Sown [1995-96]
|
558
(000 Hects)
|
|
Forest
Cover [1996-97]
|
|
|
|
Reserved
Forests Area
|
1896
sq.kms.
|
|
|
Protected
Forests Area
|
33004
sq.kms.
|
|
|
Unclassed
Forest Area
|
930
sq.kms.
|
|
|
Other
Forests Area
|
405
sq.kms.
|
|
|
Forests
not under control of forest Deptt.
|
751
sq.kms.
|
|
|
No.
of Wild Life Sanctuaries
|
32
|
|
Others
|
|
|
|
Average
Rainfall
|
1469
mm
|
|
|
State
Animal
|
Musk
Deer
|
|
|
State
Bird
|
Monal
|
|
|
State
Language
|
Hindi
& Local Dialects
|
|
|
Major
Rivers
|
Sutlej,
Beas, Ravi, Parbati
|
|
|
Major
Lakes
|
Renuka,
Rewalsar, Khajjiar, Dal, Beas Kund, Dasaur,
Brighu, Prashar, Mani Mahesh, Chander Tal, Suraj
Tal, Kareri, Sreolsar, Gobind Sagar, Nako
|
|
